![]() Typically in industrial relay logic circuits, but not always, the operating voltage for the switch contacts and relay coils will be 120 volts AC. In reality, the circuit looks something like this: The actual transformer or generator supplying power to this circuit is omitted for simplicity. These designations have nothing to do with inductors, just to make things confusing. L1 is the "hot" conductor, and L2 is the grounded ("neutral") conductor. The "L1" and "L2" designations refer to the two poles of a 120 VAC supply, unless otherwise noted. ![]() If we wanted to draw a simple ladder diagram showing a lamp that is controlled by a hand switch, it would look like this: They are called "ladder" diagrams because they resemble a ladder, with two vertical rails (supply power) and as many "rungs" (horizontal lines) as there are control circuits to represent. "Ladder" diagrams Ladder diagrams are specialized schematics commonly used to document industrial control logic systems.
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